[Thyroid peroxidase gene polymorphisms and anti-TPO level in Tehranian adults]

TPO gene variations are one of the causes of thyroid autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the T1936C, T2229C and A2257C SNPs [single nucleotide polymorphisms]of the TPO gene and Anti-TPO level. In this case-control study, 188 individuals [86 males and 102 females], aged 20-80 years, were randomly selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study population [TLGS]. A2257C and T2229C SNPs were detected with RFLP by use of BsrI and Eco57I as restrictive enzymes respectively, while the T1936C SNP was determined with ARMS-PCR. In the presence of the C allele of T1936C, Anti-TPO level was significantly increased [CC: 238 +/- 43.3, CT: 47.7 +/- 15.9, TT: 74.1 +/- 11.3 IU/L; p 0.002]; however, it disappeared after adjustment for sex and age [p 0.059]. No significant difference, before and after adjustment, was found in Anti-TPO level in the presence of T2229C SNP [CC: 129.1 +/- 24.5, CT: 43.5 +/- 12.6, TT: 126.5 +/- 13.8 IU/L; p 0.196]. The association of A2257C with Anti-TPO level was only significant after adjustment for sex and age [p 0.007],and between the ATC ,CTT haplotypes and Anti-TPO level ,the association was significant [p 0.023, 0.021]; however, the association it was dominant between CTT and anti-TPO concentration was significant only after adjustment for sex [p 0.014]. The result of this study, showed age and sex as potential confounders which could modify the association between TPO polymorphisms and Anti-TPO level in a Tehranian population

Association of TNF-alpha promoter G-308A polymorphism and body mass index and other obesity effective factors in Tehran lipid and glucose study

Obesity cause a lot of disease such as cardiovascular, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, some types of cancers and osteoarthritis. Reports show polymorphism at position -308 in the promoter region of TNF-alpha increase transcription of the gene in adipocytes. We, therefore, examined the relationship between this variant and BMI as an obesity criterion and other obesity affective factors in an Iranian population. 244 Subjects were randomly selected from the Tehran lipid and Glucose study which is a Cross Sectional Study and they were classified in two age groups under 18 and above 18. We measured FBS, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglyceride, cholesterol levels, CRP, IL-6, IL-10, Adiponectin, and HOMA for all individuals. Factors including Body mass index and blood pressure were measured too. A 107bp segment of the mentioned gene with PCR [Polymerase Chain Reaction] was amplified and the polymorphism with RFLP [Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism] revealed. Undistributed Data were analyzed by kruskal-Wallis test and distributed Data were analyzed by ANOVA. We used one-way ANOVA test followed by post hoc multiple comparison [Tukey] to compare laboratory findings of BMI groups. All data were analyzed using SPSS 16. The allele frequency of TNF-alpha polymorphism was in the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium and the Genotype of all 244 subjects were GG[85.7%], GA[13.1%],AA[1.2%] and there was no relation between BMI and the frequency of this allele. In adolescent sbp] systolic blood pressure] in girls at GA state was significantly more than GG and CRP in boys at AA state was significantly more than the two other state In adult cholesterol in men at AA was significantly more than the two other state and LDL-C in women in GG was more than the two other state. Data from this study shows no association between G-308A TNF-alpha promoter polymorphism with increasing BMI, so probably it is not important risk factor for obesity in Iranian populations

[ evaluation of accuracy of article writing in scientific journals of nursing-midwifery in Tehran]

As most researchers are unaware of the quality of articles published in scientific journals of nursing-midwifery, findings from these studies are not used in clinical practice. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of articles published in nursing-midwifery journals in Tehran in 2008 as regards design and methodology of writing a scientific paper. In this cross sectional study, all original articles published in scientific journals of nursing-midwifery in Tehran in 2008 were evaluated. Research methodology in different sections of articles including, abstract, introduction, methods and materials, results, discussion and references were assessed. Totally, 52 criteria were taken into consideration, articles were evaluated on the basis of these criteria and classified into 3 categories of "correct", "relatively correct" and "incorrect". Data analysis was done by chi-square. Eighty three original articles published in 3 selected journals were evaluated. On the whole, format of the papers was correct in 45% of articles, in 8% it was relatively correct and in 47% the presenting format was incorrect. Inaccuracies found in the incorrectly written articles were found in the following sections: abstracts 53%; introduction 69.7%, methods and materials 32.2%; results 45.4%; discussion 48% and references 25.3%. Articles published in nursing-midwifery journals have major flaws. Implementations for reducing mistakes in article writing would result in increasing application of the study results

Medical treatment of toxic goiter in an area of iodine deficiency

The response to methimazole [1-methyl 1-2-mercapto-inidazole [MMI]] therapy, 10mg twice daily in 15 patients and propylthiouracil [PTU] therapy, 100mg twice daily in 10 patients with diffuse toxic goiter was evaluated in an area of iodine deficiency [Tehran]. The mean free T [4] index [FT4I] decreased from 22.7 +/- 6.8 [ +/- SD] to 10.8 +/- 2.8 In MMI-treated, and from25.1 +/- 6.8to 13.2 +/- 2.1 in PTU-treated patients, two weeks after treatment. The FT4I further decreased to 6.8 +/- 4.3 and 8.5 +/- 2.1 after four weeks of MMI and PTU administration, respectively. The mean free T3 index [FT3I] was 415 +/- 90, 162 +/- 44 and 117 +/- 46 in MMI treated and 430 +/- 80, 210 +/- 45 and 140 +/- 53 in PTU treated patients before and two and four weeks after treatment, respectively. The mean FT4I and FT3I had decreased more in the MMI treated groups as compared to the PTU treated patients, two weeks after treatment. In patients treated with MMI or PTU, 11 of 25 [44%] had subnormal FT4I after four weeks of treatment, of whom one had increased serum TSH. These results indicate that treatment with less than the recommended doses of thionamide compounds causes a rapid decline of thyroid hormone indices in patients residing in Tehran. The dosage of thionamide compounds as well as the duration of therapy with the initial doses necessary to induce euthyroidism, should be evaluated in various parts of the world